Why is it easier to tear the papers vertically and horizontally?
Try it yourself. Tear off a strip Vertical your journal - it comes off right. Try again, but tearing another horizontal band - you get a stairway, uneven piece. Is because of the way paper is made?
The paper is a sheet of material composed of many discrete cellulose fibers felted (Glued). . The paper is "handmade" or "machine-made." The machine used for the manufacture of paper can be either a rolling machine or Fourdrinier. Newsprint is always done on a flat table. Tear resistance (internal resistance tear ") is the average force in grams required to tear a sheet of paper under standard conditions. The orientation of fibers in a sheet of paper determines the resistance tear the paper. If the orientation is random, the tensile strength is almost the same in all directions. This is the case Newspaper "handmade" and "cylinder-made '. On the other hand, if the orientation is in a sense, the tear strength is minimum along this direction and a maximum along the cross (perpendicular) direction. This is the case in "Fourdrinier-made 'paper. In the case of a paper produced on the Fourdrinier - essentially a continuous wire screen along - the fiber orientation is mainly along the direction of travel on the machine, which is in the machine direction. Thus, in the machine direction tear is obtained simply by separating the fibers felted, without having to cut important fiber. But transversely, the "rip" is produced mainly by cutting the fibers. Therefore, a much greater force, vis-à-vis the former case would necessary. Thus, a paper tears easily "vertically" (in the machine direction), but not "horizontally" (In the transverse direction). By contrast, the paper is generally higher (more tensile) in the machine direction than in the transverse direction.
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